medium · FRM Part 1 Foundations of Risk Management

Under Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), if two well-diversified portfolios have identical factor sensitivities (betas) to all systematic risk factors but different expected returns, which mechanism ensures the restoration of equilibrium?

  1. Mean-variance optimization by all participants
  2. Homogeneous expectations across a single horizon
  3. The existence of a market portfolio
  4. The law of one price via arbitrage

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