medium · Frm Part 2 Credit Risk

In the context of Central Counterparty (CCP) risk management, what is the primary structural reason why Initial Margin (IM) is not mutualized, whereas Default Fund contributions are?

  1. Initial Margin is designed to cover the specific risk of a member's own portfolio, whereas the Default Fund covers tail losses exceeding a defaulter's collateral.
  2. Initial Margin is only collected from buy-side clients, while the Default Fund is only paid into by clearing members.
  3. The Default Fund is held in cash while Initial Margin is always held in illiquid securities, making IM harder to redistribute.
  4. Regulators require IM to be kept at a third-party custodian to prevent the CCP from accessing it in any scenario.

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