medium · FRM Part 2 Credit Risk

A desk head argues that a new trade with a central counterparty (CCP) is 'risk-free' because it is fully collateralized with daily variation margin.

Which of the following best describes why CVA or capital charges still apply?

  1. Daily variation margin only covers realized mark-to-market swings, not the eventual cost of closing out the position.
  2. Collateral reduces most CVA, but Basel III also imposes a separate 'Collateral Valuation Adjustment' charge as a fixed clearing penalty.
  3. Standard CVA formulas ignore netting benefits at the trade level, which overstates the true risk carried by cleared positions.
  4. The Margin Period of Risk (MPoR) creates a gap between the last margin payment and the close-out, leaving residual exposure.

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