medium · GMAT Verbal
Some labor economists claim that automation always reduces the total number of jobs available in an economy. **Historically, when automation has eliminated jobs in one sector, new jobs have often emerged in other sectors that support or complement the new technology, such as equipment maintenance, software development, and technical training.** Because of this pattern, the claim that automation always reduces total employment is not well supported; **a more accurate description is that automation shifts the composition of employment across sectors rather than uniformly reducing its total.**
In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
- The first is a claim the argument disputes; the second is evidence for that claim.
- The first is the argument's main conclusion; the second is a restatement of that conclusion.
- The first is an assumption the argument later abandons; the second is the argument's final conclusion.
- The first is evidence against an earlier claim; the second is the conclusion drawn from it.
- The first and second are two independent pieces of evidence supporting the same unstated conclusion.
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