medium · GMAT Verbal
To evaluate the quality of a shipment of 10,000 glass bottles, a quality control inspector examines the first 50 bottles off the truck. Since all 50 are perfect, the inspector accepts the entire shipment.
This generalization is weak because it:
- uses a sample of only fifty bottles, which amounts to far less than 1% of the total shipment.
- assumes that all 10,000 bottles in the shipment were manufactured at the very same facility.
- does not specify the precise criteria the inspector used to define what counts as a 'perfect' bottle.
- ignores the possibility that bottles at the bottom or back of the truck were damaged during transport.
- treats the inspector's own personal judgment as completely infallible regarding every single bottle examined.
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