hard · GMAT Verbal

Argument: "All employees who completed the training received raises. Sam did not receive a raise. Therefore, Sam did not complete the training."

Which of the following follows the same logical structure as the argument above?

  1. All birds can fly. Penguins are birds. Therefore, penguins can fly.
  2. All members received a free gift. Tom received a free gift. Therefore, Tom is a member.
  3. Only authorized personnel can enter the lab. Mark is in the lab. Therefore, Mark is authorized.
  4. If it rains, the grass gets wet. The grass is wet. Therefore, it rained.
  5. All students who passed the exam were admitted. Julia was not admitted. Therefore, Julia did not pass the exam.

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