medium · GMAT Verbal

City officials note that since a new toll was imposed on the downtown bridge, average commute times across the metropolitan area have fallen by 15%. Officials conclude that the toll succeeded in reducing traffic congestion by discouraging unnecessary car trips.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the officials' conclusion?

  1. A major highway that had been closed for repairs and detoured through downtown streets was fully reopened during that same period.
  2. A small number of downtown residents have complained publicly that the toll unfairly burdens commuters who have no alternative route to their workplaces.
  3. Officials in a neighboring city considered a similar toll on their own bridge but ultimately decided against implementing it this year.
  4. Nearly every driver surveyed said that they would gladly pay an even higher toll if it meant avoiding heavy downtown traffic altogether.
  5. The toll revenue collected so far has been sufficient to cover only about half of the bridge's ongoing maintenance costs.

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