medium · GMAT Verbal

A supplement company claims that its new pill improves memory, citing a study in which participants who took the pill scored higher on a memory test than participants who took nothing at all.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the claim that the pill improves memory?

  1. Participants who took the pill were told it was a memory enhancer, while the comparison group was given nothing and told nothing.
  2. The pill also contains a blend of vitamins and minerals that are widely known to contribute to general physical health.
  3. Memory performance can naturally vary by a small but noticeable amount from one day to the next, even within the same person.
  4. The pill is considerably more expensive for an ordinary customer to purchase than nearly all of the competing memory supplements sold today.
  5. Some of the participants who took part in the study happened to be noticeably older than several of the other participants were.

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