medium · GMAT Verbal

A study of 5,000 adults found that those who regularly consume green tea have significantly lower rates of cardiovascular disease than those who do not. The researchers concluded that the antioxidants in green tea provide a protective effect against heart-related illnesses.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the researchers' conclusion?

  1. The study was conducted over a period of ten years, which is considered a standard duration for longitudinal health research.
  2. Regular green tea drinkers are also more likely to engage in daily physical exercise and maintain a diet low in processed sugars.
  3. Black tea, which also contains antioxidants, was not included in the scope of the study.
  4. Green tea contains small amounts of caffeine, which can slightly increase heart rate in some individuals.
  5. A separate study found that the antioxidants in green tea reduce inflammation in laboratory animals.

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