medium · GMAT Verbal
Theoretical models in social science often suggest that as urban density increases, interpersonal trust decreases due to the 'bystander effect'. However, recent studies in high-density European hubs indicate that frequent incidental interactions actually foster higher localized trust. These studies suggest that the regularity of contact outweighs the anonymity of the crowd.
Which of the following is most strongly supported by the passage?
- European hubs have lower density than theoretical social science models assume.
- High urban density does not invariably lead to a decline in interpersonal trust.
- Social science models are generally inaccurate when applied to European cities.
- Frequent interaction is the only factor that can raise interpersonal trust in cities.
- The bystander effect is the primary cause of urban anonymity.
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