medium · GMAT Verbal
Students who eat a full breakfast at a school's optional morning program score higher on midday tests than students who skip it. Administrators conclude the breakfast improves cognitive performance. But participation is voluntary, and families who enroll their children in the program tend to be those already most engaged in their children's education.
Which of the following is most strongly supported by these statements?
- Eating a full breakfast in the morning has no measurable effect on later test scores.
- The higher scores of breakfast-eaters may be due to something other than the breakfast itself.
- Students who regularly skip the morning breakfast are simply less intelligent than those who eat it.
- Making the optional breakfast program mandatory for everyone would lower the school's average scores.
- Families who are most engaged in education will always produce the school's higher-scoring students.
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