medium · GRE Verbal

A professor reports that students who used optional in-class quiz clickers scored higher on the final exam, and infers that the clickers raised performance. Clicker use was optional, and students who opted in already had higher midterm averages than those who opted out. Based on the passage, which statement can properly be inferred?

1. The exam-score gap is consistent with the professor's claim but could instead reflect that already-stronger students were more likely to choose the clickers.
2. The clickers guarantee improved exam performance for any student who uses them.
3. Midterm averages have no bearing on how any student performs on the final exam.
4. The clicker system would produce identical results in every other course at the university, including large lecture courses that never assign midterm exams of any kind.
5. Students who opted out of clickers were incapable of improving their exam scores.

Sign up free to see the explanation and track your rank →