medium · MCAT bio-biochem
Insulin is a hormone composed of 51 amino acids that plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis.
Based on its chemical structure, how does insulin interact with its target cells?
- It diffuses through the plasma membrane to bind an intracellular receptor in the cytosol.
- It enters the nucleus to directly catalyze the phosphorylation of transcription factors.
- It acts as a secondary messenger that increases the concentration of cyclic AMP.
- It binds to a transmembrane receptor and activates an intracellular signaling cascade.
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