hard · MCAT bio-biochem
Acute stress triggers the 'fight-or-flight' response via the adrenal medulla, while chronic stress involves the adrenal cortex.
How do the signaling mechanisms of epinephrine and cortisol differ in terms of their molecular interaction with target cells?
- Cortisol binds to a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK); Epinephrine uses a voltage-gated mechanism.
- Epinephrine enters the nucleus to induce protein synthesis; Cortisol activates an enzymatic cascade in the cytoplasm.
- Epinephrine binds to cell-surface G-protein coupled receptors; Cortisol binds to intracellular receptors that act as transcription factors.
- Both hormones bind to ligand-gated ion channels to induce rapid depolarization.
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