hard · MCAT bio-biochem

In the human liver, which of the following best explains why Acetyl-CoA derived from fatty acid beta-oxidation cannot be used to synthesize glucose via gluconeogenesis?

  1. Acetyl-CoA inhibits the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase.
  2. The liver lacks the enzymes for the citric acid cycle.
  3. The reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is irreversible.
  4. Fatty acids are strictly used for ATP production and cannot enter metabolic pathways.

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