medium · MCAT bio-biochem
A patient with diabetes has a blood glucose concentration that exceeds the renal threshold.
Which mechanism explains the resulting polyuria (excessive urination)?
- Unreabsorbed glucose in the nephron exerts an osmotic pressure that prevents water reabsorption.
- Elevated blood glucose constricts the afferent arteriole, raising glomerular filtration pressure.
- Glucose stimulates increased secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary, leading to water loss.
- Glucose competitively inhibits the basolateral Na^+/K^+ ATPase in the proximal tubule.
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