Text 1: The 'out-of-Africa' hypothesis posits that all modern humans share a recent common ancestor who lived in Africa roughly 200,000 years ago. This model suggests that as these early humans migrated across the globe, they completely replaced earlier hominid populations, such as Neanderthals, with little to no interbreeding. Text 2: Recent genomic sequencing of ancient Neanderthal remains has revealed that roughly 1% to 4% of the DNA in modern non-African populations is of Neanderthal origin. These findings indicate that while the primary migration did originate in Africa, the interaction between different hominid groups was far more complex than a simple replacement model would suggest.