hard · SAT Reading & Writing

In her study of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, marine biologist Elena Vance found that certain species of shrimp possess specialized organs capable of detecting the faint infrared glow emitted by the vents. Vance suggests that this adaptation allows the shrimp to maintain a safe distance from the scalding water while remaining close enough to graze on the bacteria that flourish in the vent's vicinity.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion as a whole?

  1. It introduces a new hypothesis that contradicts Vance's earlier findings about shrimp behavior.
  2. It provides a specific example of a deep-sea creature that Vance studied in her research.
  3. It refutes the idea that hydrothermal vents are too dangerous to support complex life forms.
  4. It explains the evolutionary advantage provided by the sensory adaptation described earlier.

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