medium · SAT Reading & Writing
The 'Dunning-Kruger effect' is a cognitive bias where people with low ability at a task overestimate their own competence. This occurs because the skills required to perform a task are often the same skills needed to recognize one's own lack of proficiency. Conversely, highly competent individuals often underestimate their relative standing, mistakenly assuming that tasks which are easy for them are also easy for others.
Which choice best summarizes the central idea of the text?
- People with low ability are much more common than people with high ability in most fields.
- Competence at a task is the only factor that determines how much confidence a person has.
- Highly competent individuals are always the most accurate at judging the abilities of other people.
- A lack of expertise can prevent individuals from accurately assessing their own performance levels.
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