medium · SAT Reading & Writing

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: The 'Stroop Effect' is a psychological phenomenon occurring when the name of a color is printed in a different color of ink. Participants are asked to name the ink color, not read the word. For example, if the word 'RED' is printed in blue ink, there is a delay in the participant's response time. This interference occurs because the brain processes the written word faster than it identifies the color. The effect demonstrates that word recognition is an automatic process that is difficult to suppress. The student wants to explain why the Stroop Effect occurs.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

  1. The Stroop Effect happens because the brain's automatic word processing interferes with the slower task of color identification.
  2. Word recognition is an automatic cognitive process that people find very difficult to suppress during psychological testing.
  3. If the word 'BLUE' is printed in green ink, the time it takes for a person to name the color 'green' will be significantly longer.
  4. The Stroop Effect occurs when a participant is slower to name the ink color of a word that spells out a different color.

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