medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

Studies show that cities with higher numbers of libraries also have higher literacy rates. However, it would be a mistake to conclude that building more libraries will increase literacy, because the cities with more libraries tend to be wealthier, and wealth is the primary driver of literacy.

In the argument above, the author's claim that wealth is the primary driver of literacy serves which of the following roles?

  1. It supplies an alternative cause that supports the author's verdict against the library-literacy inference.
  2. It is the central conclusion that the rest of the passage is designed to establish.
  3. It is a casual observation invoked merely to illustrate a broader principle.
  4. It is an opposing position that the author goes on to refute.
  5. It is the empirical finding from which the entire argument originally proceeds.

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