medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

A study found that 90% of people who suffer from chronic back pain also report high levels of daily stress. The study's authors concluded that reducing stress will likely alleviate back pain.

The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it

  1. overlooks the possibility that the chronic pain is what produces the stress, rather than the other way around.
  2. depends on a study group too small to reliably stand in for the broader population of back-pain sufferers statewide.
  3. assumes that everyone who experiences high levels of daily stress must also suffer from chronic back pain.
  4. treats a factor that is merely necessary for back pain as though it were fully sufficient to cause it on its own.
  5. ignores that a sizable share of people with chronic back pain report no measurable daily stress whatsoever.

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