hard · LSAT Logical Reasoning
Nutritionist: A study of 5,000 adults found that those who ate breakfast daily had a lower average body-mass index than those who skipped breakfast. Since eating breakfast lowers body-mass index, doctors should recommend that overweight patients begin eating breakfast every day to help them lose weight.
The nutritionist's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
- takes for granted that a study of 5,000 adults is too small to support any conclusion about the wider population
- presumes, with no stated evidence, that every doctor surveyed already recommends daily breakfast to such patients
- overlooks that people already prone to healthy habits, which independently lower body-mass, also eat breakfast
- fails to consider whether adults who skip breakfast compensate by eating larger portions at other meals instead
- confuses a recommendation aimed at overweight patients with one meant for the entire population studied here
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