medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

Whenever it rains, the ground gets wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it must have rained.

The reasoning above is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it:

  1. overlooks that wet ground could result from causes other than the one cited, since rain is only one way of producing that condition
  2. presumes that because two events occur together, one of them must have produced the other
  3. draws a sweeping generalization from a sample of cases that is far too small
  4. neglects the fact that rain may fall in some locations while sparing others
  5. concludes that rain is impossible whenever the ground happens to be dry

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