medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

Every member of the winning relay team ran an individual lap in under fifty seconds. Therefore, the team's total time for the race must have been under three minutes and twenty seconds.

The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument

  1. presumes that a characteristic holding for each individual part of a group must therefore hold for the group taken as a single whole.
  2. treats a condition that would merely permit an outcome as one that is required for that outcome.
  3. offers no evidence that the runners in question actually belonged to the same relay team.
  4. exploits the word 'winning' by shifting between two different senses of it.
  5. assumes the four runners each ran in well under fifty seconds rather than barely under it.

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