medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

A study found that elementary school students who participated in a 'chess in schools' program scored 10% higher on standardized math tests. The program organizers claimed that learning chess develops the logical thinking skills necessary for mathematical success.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the organizers' claim?

  1. The schools that volunteered for the chess program were concentrated in wealthy districts with unusually high per-pupil funding.
  2. Students who skipped the chess program showed no notable change in their math scores over the same stretch.
  3. The standardized math tests included a number of geometry items that call for little logical deduction.
  4. Chess demands the recognition of intricate patterns, a skill that also matters in many branches of advanced mathematics.
  5. Chess instruction is the surest known method for raising elementary students' math achievement.

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