medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning
Any ordinance that is both retroactive and punitive is unconstitutional unless it concerns wartime conduct. Ordinance Q is retroactive and punitive, does not concern wartime conduct, and was enacted. Therefore, Q is unconstitutional despite having been enacted.
Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above?
- Any policy that is costly or secret is invalid unless temporary. Policy P is costly, permanent, and adopted. Therefore P is invalid.
- Any policy both costly and secret is invalid unless temporary. P is costly, secret, not temporary, and adopted. Therefore P is invalid despite adoption.
- Any policy that is costly or secret is invalid unless temporary. Policy P is costly, secret, permanent, and adopted. Therefore P is invalid.
- Any policy both costly and secret is invalid if temporary. P is costly, secret, permanent, and adopted. Therefore it is invalid despite adoption, because permanence is treated as aggravating rather than as an exception to the rule.
- Any costly and secret policy is invalid unless temporary. P is not temporary and adopted. Therefore P is invalid.
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