medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

An environmental scientist argues that because the implementation of carbon taxes in several European nations was followed by a 10 percent reduction in industrial emissions, carbon taxes are the primary cause of emission reductions globally.

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the scientist's argument?

  1. Throughout the very period in which the taxes took effect, those same nations were also pouring far greater sums into renewable-energy development.
  2. The bulk of the world's carbon output originates in countries that have so far declined to adopt any carbon tax.
  3. A number of firms in the taxed nations complained that the levy sharply raised the cost of running their operations.
  4. The 10 percent decline fell short of the figure environmental advocates had initially forecast.
  5. Carbon taxes have, without exception, eliminated industrial emissions wherever they have been enacted.

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