medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the causal assumption on which the argument depends?

1. Each declaration was issued only once it had already become certain that violence would erupt regardless.
2. The violence that followed the declarations targeted government officials more than ordinary civilians.
3. Several other countries issued their own condemnations of the same regimes during the same stretch of time.
4. Wherever comparable circumstances arose but no declaration was made, far less violence ensued.
5. Issuing such declarations is the chief cause of essentially all political violence in the region.

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