medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

Statistician: The pilot study reported a striking link between a new diet and weight loss. The researchers ran careful controls, recruited a diverse pool of volunteers, and analyzed their data with appropriate methods. Nevertheless, the study's results remain inconclusive, because only twelve people participated.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the statistician's reasoning?

  1. Even a methodologically sound study cannot yield firm conclusions if its sample is too small to be reliable
  2. A study with careful controls and proper analysis always yields conclusive results
  3. Any study that links a diet to weight loss should be regarded with suspicion
  4. Researchers should never publish the results of studies that involve fewer than fifty participants
  5. A diverse pool of volunteers is the single most important feature of a trustworthy study

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