medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning
Statistician: The pilot study reported a striking link between a new diet and weight loss. The researchers ran careful controls, recruited a diverse pool of volunteers, and analyzed their data with appropriate methods. Nevertheless, the study's results remain inconclusive, because only twelve people participated.
Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the statistician's reasoning?
- Even a methodologically sound study cannot yield firm conclusions if its sample is too small to be reliable
- A study with careful controls and proper statistical analysis always yields fully conclusive, dependable results
- Any study that reports a link between a particular diet and weight loss should be regarded with deep suspicion
- Researchers should never publish the results of any controlled study that involves fewer than fifty participants
- A diverse, broadly representative pool of volunteers is the single most important feature of a trustworthy study
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