A proxy for transaction volume used in markets without centralised volume reporting (notably spot forex), defined as the number of price changes recorded during a bar regardless of the size of each trade. Research has consistently shown a strong correlation between tick volume and actual transaction volume across all major forex pairs (EUR/USD, GBP/USD, USD/JPY): when professional money is active they execute many trades and the price changes many times; when they are absent the market drifts with few price changes. Every VSA signal — tests, stopping volume, no demand, up-thrusts — can be identified on forex charts using tick volume in place of transaction volume, with the same relative-volume thresholds applied to a 20-period tick-volume baseline.