medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

If a student studies for at least ten hours, that student will pass the exam. Maria passed the exam, so she must have studied for at least ten hours.

The reasoning above is flawed because it:

  1. treats studying ten hours, which is merely one guaranteed route to passing, as though it were the only way anyone could pass
  2. neglects to specify what score actually counts as a passing grade on the exam
  3. assumes that studying for ten hours is a feat most students could not manage
  4. relies on the supposition that Maria is a representative or typical student
  5. concludes that no student who studies fewer than ten hours could conceivably pass

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