medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

Environmentalist: Our city's air quality has improved since we implemented the new emissions standards for factories. Therefore, these standards are clearly effective.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines this argument?

  1. Air quality improved by a comparable amount over the same period in nearby cities that adopted no such standards.
  2. Several small factories were forced to close because they could not afford to meet the standards.
  3. A number of factory owners have complained that the standards are difficult to monitor accurately.
  4. The improved air quality coincided with a 10 percent drop in respiratory-related hospital visits.
  5. Air quality in the city had been gradually worsening for many years before the standards took effect.

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