medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

You cannot obtain a building permit unless you have submitted an environmental impact study. Therefore, if you have been granted a building permit, you must have submitted an environmental impact study.

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the premise and the conclusion?

  1. The conclusion is a logically equivalent reformulation of the premise.
  2. The conclusion reverses the direction stated in the premise.
  3. The premise states a sufficient condition the conclusion treats as necessary.
  4. The conclusion is a hasty generalization built upon the single requirement named.
  5. The conclusion adds a new requirement the premise never sets out.

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