medium · LSAT Logical Reasoning

You cannot obtain a building permit unless you have submitted an environmental impact study. Therefore, if you have been granted a building permit, you must have submitted an environmental impact study.

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the premise and the conclusion?

  1. The conclusion is a logically equivalent reformulation of the premise.
  2. The conclusion improperly flips the logical direction expressed in the premise.
  3. The premise gives a sufficient condition that the conclusion then treats as a necessary one.
  4. The conclusion is a hasty generalization built on the single requirement named in the premise.
  5. The conclusion adds a new requirement that the premise does not actually establish.

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