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Passage: Augustus's rise to power was masked by the rhetoric of 'the Republic restored' (res publica restituta). He carefully avoided the title of King or Dictator, opting instead for princeps—'first citizen.' This linguistic sleight of hand allowed him to consolidate absolute power over the military and treasury while ostensibly respecting traditional senatorial roles. By holding a collection of existing Republican offices simultaneously, Augustus created a new system, the Principate, that maintained the veneer of old traditions while functioning as a centralized monarchy. Question: Based on the passage, Augustus's use of the title 'princeps' was intended to:

1. Publicly announce his intention to crown himself King of Rome.
2. Encourage other citizens to seek equal political authority.
3. Disguise his absolute power behind a facade of traditional citizenship.
4. Acknowledge that his power was subordinate to the Roman Senate.

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