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A scientist is investigating the relationship between two variables and calculates a correlation coefficient r = -0.85.

What can the scientist conclude about the relationship between these variables?

  1. There is a strong inverse linear relationship between the variables.
  2. 85% of the variation in one variable is explained by the other.
  3. The relationship between the variables is weak and likely due to chance.
  4. An increase in one variable causes a decrease in the other.

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