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Passage: In her seminal essay 'Modern Moral Philosophy,' G.E.M. Anscombe argued that contemporary ethics is fundamentally flawed because it attempts to use 'law-like' concepts—such as 'moral obligation' or 'right'—without the religious framework that originally gave them meaning. She suggests that in a secular world, the idea of a 'moral law' without a 'lawgiver' is incoherent. As a solution, Anscombe advocated for a return to 'virtue ethics,' which focuses on human flourishing and the traits needed to achieve it, rather than abstract rules. By looking at the 'thick' descriptions of character—being 'just,' 'temperate,' or 'wise'—we can ground morality in the facts of human life rather than in empty, legalistic categories that have lost their foundation. Question: Anscombe's primary critique of contemporary ethics is that it:

1. Relies on 'thick' descriptions of character rather than abstract rules.
2. Uses concepts of moral law without the framework that makes them coherent.
3. Is too focused on human flourishing and character traits.
4. Focuses too much on the religious traditions of the past.

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