Passage: Moral Error Theory, championed by J.L. Mackie, posits a radical skepticism: while moral statements are intended to be factual (cognitivism), there are no objective moral facts to make them true. Thus, all moral claims are uniformly false. Mackie argues that if objective values existed, they would be entities of a very strange sort, unlike anything else in the universe, and would require a special faculty of perception. This 'Argument from Queerness' suggests that it is more parsimonious to view morality as a useful fiction—a system of rules we project onto the world to facilitate cooperation.