Gustav Radbruch, a German legal scholar who witnessed the rise and fall of the Third Reich, famously revised his positivist views in what became known as the 'Radbruch Formula.' He argued that while legal certainty—the idea that law must be followed as written—is a vital goal, there is a threshold of injustice beyond which a law loses its 'legal character.' When a law deliberately denies the equality that constitutes the core of justice, it is 'statutory non-law.' Radbruch did not demand that every minor injustice invalidate a law, but rather that extreme, 'unbearable' injustice should override the requirement of legal certainty. This formula was instrumental in the trials of Nazi officials who used the defense that they were merely 'following the law.' It suggests that the 'is' of the law cannot be entirely insulated from the 'ought' of fundamental justice when the stakes are existential.