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Passage: Global distributive justice often pits 'cosmopolitanism' against 'statism.' Cosmopolitans argue that our moral obligations to others do not stop at national borders; because the global economic system is deeply integrated, we have a duty to ensure that justice is achieved on a global scale. In their view, being born in a rich country rather than a poor one is a 'natural lottery' that should not determine one's life prospects. Statists, conversely, argue that justice is a duty we owe only to those with whom we share a social contract and a state. They contend that the unique coercive power of the state creates a special relationship among citizens that does not exist between strangers on opposite sides of the world.

Which of the following would a cosmopolitan use as a primary argument for global wealth redistribution?

  1. The integrated nature of global trade means that wealthy nations are partially responsible for the conditions in poorer ones.
  2. Social justice can only be realized in a community where people share a common language and cultural heritage.
  3. International aid often undermines the local political institutions of developing countries, making it counterproductive.
  4. Nations have a sovereign right to control their own resources and should only help others through voluntary charity.

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